Influence of light intensity on bacterial nitrifying activity in algal-bacterial photobioreactors and its implications for microalgae-based wastewater treatment

The influence of irradiance on the nitrifying activity in photobioreactors of a bacterial consortium enriched from a wastewater treatment bioreactor was assessed using independent ammonium oxidation kinetic batch tests and respirometric assays. Culture irradiance below 250 μmol m^-2 s^-1 did not show a significant effect on nitrification activity, while irradiance at 500 and 1250 μmol m^-2 s^-1 caused a decrease of 20 and 60% in the specific total ammonium nitrogen removal rates and a reduction of 26 and 71% in the specific NO₃^- production rates, respectively. However, no significant influence of irradiance on the affinity constant of NH₄⁺ oxidation was observed. The increasing nitrite accumulation at higher light intensities suggested a higher light sensitivity of nitrite oxidizers. Additionally, NH₄⁺ oxidation respirometric assays showed a decrease in the oxygen uptake of 14 and 50% at 500 and 1250 μmol m^-2 s^-1, respectively. The experimental determination of the light extinction coefficient (λ) of the nitrifying bacterial consortium (λ = 0.0003 m² g^-1) and of Chlorella sorokiniana (λ = 0.1045 m² g^-1) allowed the estimation of light penetration in algal-bacterial high rate algal ponds, which showed that photoinhibition of nitrifying bacteria can be significantly mitigated in the presence of high density microalgal cultures.