Flower-like vaterite produced by nanobubble-containing ethanol and water mixed solution for Cd (II) removal

CaCO₃ crystals ranging from 3 to 15 μm in size have sparked significant scientific attention in many areas, such as materials, chemicals, medicine, and the environment. This study proposed a novel method for synthesizing flower-like vaterite calcium carbonate using nanobubble-containing ethanol and water mixed solution as the solvent based on the double decomposition method. The formation mechanism of vaterite with different shapes in ethanol aqueous solution containing nanobubbles was then discussed. Besides, the synthesized vaterite was used to remove cadmium based on chemisorption. Simultaneously, nanobubbles were used to improve the removal speed of Cd(II), providing a very interesting and promising field for studying heavy metal and pollutant adsorption in the liquid phase. The synthesized vaterite has a significant practical interest in the integrated treatment of wastewater contaminated by heavy metals with the facile and green synthesis procedure and effective Cd (II) removal.