Cognitive functioning, fat mass and physical activity in young adults

Introduction: Evidence suggests an association between excess weight and low cognitive performance; however, findings are inconsistent due to variations in measurement approaches. Further research is needed to explore this link, considering factors such as physical activity and education level. Objective: this study aimed to: (a) identify possible differences in cognitive performance between participants with high versus normal fat mass levels, and (b) assess the effects of fat mass levels and physical activity on executive and cognitive-motor interference performance. Methodology: A non-experimental design was conducted, involving 61 young adult participants (M_age=18.9, SD=1.9) who underwent evaluations for executive functioning, cognitive-motor interference in dual tasks, body composition, and physical activity. Results: Although differences favoring participants with high fat mass levels were found, they were not statistically significant. These results remained consistent regardless of physical activity level. Discussion: While some studies have found an association between high adiposity and lower cognitive performance, others have not detected this relationship. Our findings align with the latter, emphasizing the need for future studies to include mediating variables to better understand this complex association. Conclusion: this investigation supports the notion that individuals with overweight and obesity do not exhibit inferior executive and cognitive-motor interaction performance compared to individuals with normal fat mass levels.