@article{266b9540aab647ad980aed02d6d98cc6,
title = "The aquaculture supply chain in the time of covid-19 pandemic: Vulnerability, resilience, solutions and priorities at the global scale",
abstract = "The COVID-19 global pandemic has had severe, unpredictable and synchronous impacts on all levels of perishable food supply chains (PFSC), across multiple sectors and spatial scales. Aquaculture plays a vital and rapidly expanding role in food security, in some cases overtaking wild caught fisheries in the production of high-quality animal protein in this PFSC. We performed a rapid global assessment to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related emerging control measures on the aquaculture supply chain. Socio-economic effects of the pandemic were analysed by surveying the perceptions of stakeholders, who were asked to describe potential supply-side disruption, vulnerabilities and resilience patterns along the production pipeline with four main supply chain components: a) hatchery, b) production/processing, c) distribution/logistics and d) market. We also assessed different farming strategies, comparing land- vs. sea-based systems; extensive vs. intensive methods; and with and without integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, IMTA. In addition to evaluating levels and sources of economic distress, interviewees were asked to identify mitigation solutions adopted at local / internal (i.e., farm-site) scales, and to express their preference on national / external scale mitigation measures among a set of a priori options. Survey responses identified the potential causes of disruption, ripple effects, sources of food insecurity, and socio-economic conflicts. They also pointed to various levels of mitigation strategies. The collated evidence represents a first baseline useful to address future disaster-driven responses, to reinforce the resilience of the sector and to facilitate the design reconstruction plans and mitigation measures, such as financial aid strategies.",
keywords = "COVID-19 effects, Disruption, Economic distress, Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, Mitigation measures, Perishable food supply chain, Rapid assessment, Stakeholder perceptions",
author = "Mangano, {M. C.} and M. Berlino and L. Corbari and G. Milisenda and M. Lucchese and S. Terzo and M. Bosch-Belmar and Azaza, {M. S.} and Babarro, {J. M.F.} and R. Bakiu and Broitman, {B. R.} and Buschmann, {A. H.} and R. Christofoletti and Y. Dong and B. Glamuzina and O. Luthman and P. Makridis and Nogueira, {A. J.A.} and Palomo, {M. G.} and R. Dineshram and P. Sanchez-Jerez and H. Sevgili and M. Troell and AbouelFadl, {K. Y.} and Azra, {M. N.} and P. Britz and E. Carrington and I. Celi{\'c} and F. Choi and C. Qin and Dion{\'i}sio, {M. A.} and T. Dobroslavi{\'c} and P. Galli and D. Giannetto and Grabowski, {J. H.} and B. Helmuth and Lebata-Ramos, {M. J.H.} and Lim, {P. T.} and Y. Liu and Llorens, {S. M.} and S. Mirto and M. Pe{\'c}arevi{\'c} and C. Pita and N. Ragg and E. Ravagnan and D. Saidi and K. Schultz and M. Shaltout and Tan, {S. H.} and V. Thiyagarajan and G. Sar{\`a}",
note = "Funding Information: We are grateful to all the respondents who took the time to take the survey and to many colleagues for their effort done in facilitating the circulation of questionnaires. M.C.M.'s research activity was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie Action (Grant agreement no. 835589 , MIRROR Project). People at the Laboratory of Ecology have been funded by the PRIN-MAHRES project ( Ministry of Italian Research ; MUR - 017MHHWBN_003 Linea C) and by the Interreg Italia-Malta HARMONY 2016 (Grant C1-3.1-31 ). C. Pita and A. Nogueira would like to thank FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM ( UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020 ), through national funds. J.M.F. Babarro thanks project PID2019-106008RB-C21 for support through Spanish Government funds. The authors would like to thank also the ERASMUS+-FISHAQU project (No. 610071-EPP-1-2019-1-PT-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP ). We deeply thank Mr. Gaspare Barbera for his technical feedback during the questionnaire design looking at it under the lens of a stakeholder. We are grateful to QUALTRICS (Inc. USA) Product Specialists based in Italy to have always answered to queries about software technicality. We recognised the wide, prompt and effective support offered by the Ethical Committee at the University of Palermo in assessing the questionnaire. Funding Information: We are grateful to all the respondents who took the time to take the survey and to many colleagues for their effort done in facilitating the circulation of questionnaires. M.C.M.'s research activity was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Marie Sk?odowska-Curie Action (Grant agreement no. 835589, MIRROR Project). People at the Laboratory of Ecology have been funded by the PRIN-MAHRES project (Ministry of Italian Research; MUR - 017MHHWBN_003 Linea C) and by the Interreg Italia-Malta HARMONY 2016 (Grant C1-3.1-31). C. Pita and A. Nogueira would like to thank FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020), through national funds. J.M.F. Babarro thanks project PID2019-106008RB-C21 for support through Spanish Government funds. The authors would like to thank also the ERASMUS+-FISHAQU project (No. 610071-EPP-1-2019-1-PT-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP). We deeply thank Mr. Gaspare Barbera for his technical feedback during the questionnaire design looking at it under the lens of a stakeholder. We are grateful to QUALTRICS (Inc. USA) Product Specialists based in Italy to have always answered to queries about software technicality. We recognised the wide, prompt and effective support offered by the Ethical Committee at the University of Palermo in assessing the questionnaire. MCM and GS conceived the study and led the project at all stages. All authors contributed to the execution of the study, participated in circulating the questionnaires throughout their respective national and international networks. MCM and GS with MB, ML, ST, LC, GM coordinated data collection, graphical outputs and statistical analyses. MCM, BH and GS drafted the manuscript, and all authors participated in editing the final revisions. The authors declare no competing interests. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2022",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1016/j.envsci.2021.10.014",
language = "English",
volume = "127",
pages = "98--110",
journal = "Environmental Science and Policy",
issn = "1462-9011",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}