PLATOSpec’s first results: Planets WASP-35b and TOI-622b are on aligned orbits, and K2-237b is on a polar orbit

  • J. Zak
  • , P. Kabath
  • , H. M.J. Boffin
  • , J. Liptak
  • , M. Skarka
  • , R. Brahm
  • , P. Gajdoš
  • , A. Bocchieri
  • , D. Itrich
  • , L. Vanzi
  • , P. Pintr
  • , J. Janik
  • , A. Hatzes

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

The spin-orbit angle between a stellar spin axis and its planetary orbital axis is a key diagnostic of planetary migration pathways, yet the mechanisms shaping the observed spin-orbit distribution remain incompletely understood. Combining the spin–orbit angle with atmospheric measurements has emerged as a powerful method of studying exoplanets that showcases the synergy between ground-and space-based observations. We present the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect measurements of the projected spin-orbit angle (λ) for three gaseous exoplanets using the newly commissioned PLATOSpec instrument on the E152 Telescope at La Silla Observatory. For WASP-35b, we determine λ = 1−18+19 deg, demonstrating PLATOSpec’s capabilities through excellent agreement with HARPS-N literature data. We provide the first spin-orbit measurements for TOI-622b (λ = −4 ± 12 deg, true spin-orbit angle ψ = 16.1−9.7+8.0 deg), revealing an aligned orbit consistent with quiescent disk migration. For K2-237b, we find λ = 91 ± 7 deg and ψ = (Fomula presented) deg, indicating a nearly perfect polar orbit, which suggests a history consistent with disk-free migration, contrasting with previous studies inferring disk migration. TOI-622b populates a sparsely populated region of sub-Jovian planets with measured spin-orbit angles orbiting stars above the Kraft break, while K2-237b’s polar configuration strengthens tentative evidence of preferential orbital orientations. All three systems are compelling targets for future atmospheric characterization, and these dynamical constraints will be vital for a comprehensive understanding of their formation and evolution.

Original languageEnglish
Article numberA266
JournalAstronomy and Astrophysics
Volume702
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Oct 2025

Keywords

  • planet-star interactions
  • planets and satellites: atmospheres
  • planets and satellites: gaseous planets
  • planets and satellites: individual: TOI-622b
  • planets and satellites: individual: WASP-35b
  • techniques: radial velocities

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