Nano metal-carbon-based materials: Emerging platform for the growth and protection of crops. emerging platform for the growth and protection of crops.

The demand for food continuously increases with the global population. Several processes have been adopted to enhance the development of plant growth as well as the yield of crops. Nonetheless, the relatively low plant growth and yield of crops remain concerns. Nano metal-carbon-based materials (metal-CB-NMs) such as metal-carbon nanofibers, metal-carbon nanotubes (CNTs), Zn-CNTs, and Cu-graphene have been extensively used for plant development and growth, as well to yield crops. Metal-CB-NM-based materials offer insight or an emerging platform that improves the yield of crops. Metal-CB-NM-based materials have overcome numerous issues associated with metal/metal-oxide-NPs and CB-NMs. Thus, synergetic effects were observed for plant growth and the yield of crops. This chapter focuses on metal/metal-oxide-NPs, CB-NMs, and metal-CB-NM-based materials for plant growth and development as well as protection for crops. The uptake and translocation of metal/metal-oxide-NPs, CB-NMs, and metal-CB-NM-based materials is also discussed.