@article{b33bae4c365844e19149e251542f199d,
title = "Limits of the anammox process in granular systems to remove nitrogen at low temperature and nitrogen concentration",
abstract = "When partial nitritation-anammox (PN-AMX) processes are applied to treat the mainstream in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), it is difficult to fulfil the total nitrogen (TN) quality requirements established by the European Union (<10 g TN/m3). The operation of the anammox process was evaluated here in a continuous stirred tank reactor operated at 15 °C and fed with concentrations of 50 g TN/m3 (1.30 ± 0.23 g NO2−-N/g NH4+-N). Two different aspects were identified as crucial, limiting nitrogen removal efficiency. On the one hand, the oxygen transferred from the air in contact with the mixed liquor surface favoured the nitrite oxidation to nitrate (up to 75 %) and this nitrate, in addition to the amount produced from the anammox reaction itself, worsened the effluent quality. On the other hand, the mass transfer of ammonium and nitrite to be converted inside the anammox granules involves relatively large values of apparent affinity constants (kNH4+app: 0.50 g NH4+-N/m3; kNO2-app: 0.17 g NO2−-N/m3) that favour the presence of these nitrogen compounds in the produced effluent. The careful isolation of the reactor from air seeping and the fixation of right hydraulic and solids retention times are expected to help the maintenance of stability and effluent quality.",
keywords = "Anammox, Dissolved oxygen, Granular biomass, Nitrogen, SRT, Temperature",
author = "Claudia D{\'i}az and Marisol Belmonte and Campos, {Jos{\'e} Luis} and Oscar Franchi and Mart{\'i}n Fa{\'u}ndez and Gladys Vidal and Luc{\'i}a Argiz and Alba Pedrouso and {Val del Rio}, Angeles and Anuska Mosquera-Corral",
note = "Funding Information: This work was funded by the Chilean Government through the projects FONDECYT 1150285 and ANID/FONDAP/15130015 . Anuska Mosquera-Corral wants to thank the MEC-CONICYT project 80180081 for its financial support in the short stay in the UAI, UdeC and UPLA (Chile) to collaborate in the elaboration of this paper. The authors from the USC belong to CRETUS Strategic Partnership (ED431E 2018/01) and to the Galician Competitive Research Group (GRC-ED431C 2017/29). All these programs are co-funded by FEDER (EU) funds. The authors want to thank AQUALIA (Spain) and Aguas Andinas (Chile) for providing both anammox biomass and treated wastewater, respectively. Marisol Belmonte belong to: LABMAI-Facultad de Ingenier{\'i}a, HUB-Ambiental UPLA and UPLAguas Research Group. Funding Information: This work was funded by the Chilean Government through the projects FONDECYT 1150285 and ANID/FONDAP/15130015. Anuska Mosquera-Corral wants to thank the MEC-CONICYT project 80180081 for its financial support in the short stay in the UAI, UdeC and UPLA (Chile) to collaborate in the elaboration of this paper. The authors from the USC belong to CRETUS Strategic Partnership (ED431E 2018/01) and to the Galician Competitive Research Group (GRC-ED431C 2017/29). All these programs are co-funded by FEDER (EU) funds. The authors want to thank AQUALIA (Spain) and Aguas Andinas (Chile) for providing both anammox biomass and treated wastewater, respectively. Marisol Belmonte belong to: LABMAI-Facultad de Ingenier?a, HUB-Ambiental UPLA and UPLAguas Research Group. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Institution of Chemical Engineers",
year = "2020",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1016/j.psep.2020.03.025",
language = "English",
volume = "138",
pages = "349--355",
journal = "Process Safety and Environmental Protection",
issn = "0957-5820",
publisher = "Institution of Chemical Engineers",
}