Human-derived effects and failure in management drive coastal urban foredune degradation and novel vegetation structure

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• vegetation structure 100%
• fragmentation 75%
• degradation 55%
• exotic species 51%
• floristics 47%
• dune 40%
• urbanization 35%
• human activity 33%
• infrastructure 31%
• patch size 26%
• habitat 26%
• habitat loss 24%
• native species 22%
• esthetics 22%
• planting 20%
• rehabilitation 20%
• species diversity 20%
• effect 19%
• colonization 19%
• plant species 19%
• species richness 18%
• incorporation 17%
• vehicle 16%
• urban area 16%
• engineering 13%
• services 13%
• coast 12%
• ecosystem 12%

Engineering & Materials Science

• Biodiversity 61%
• Degradation 59%
• Chemical analysis 55%
• Coastal zones 46%
• Ecosystems 45%
• Conservation 41%
• Patient rehabilitation 40%

Chemical Compounds

• Fragmentation 70%
• Ecosystem 25%
• Environment 24%
• Reduction 9%
• Time 7%