Body image in South America and the Caribbean

This chapter examines the historical, cultural and empirical foundations of body image in South America and the Caribbean. Drawing on interdisciplinary and regionally grounded research, we explore how colonial legacies, racial hierarchies, gender norms and media globalisation shape appearance ideals and body image experiences. We trace evolving patterns of body dissatisfaction and appreciation, with attention to the intersections of racialised identity, class, gender and sexuality. The chapter also reviews recent advances in measurement, including the adaptation and validation of body image instruments for use in diverse populations across the region. Despite significant progress, persistent challenges remain, particularly regarding geographic and demographic inclusivity, theoretical diversity and intervention development. We highlight the need for culturally responsive, intersectional and methodologically rigorous research, emphasising the importance of expanding body image science beyond Eurocentric paradigms. The chapter concludes by outlining key future directions to ensure a more equitable, context-sensitive and socially meaningful understanding of embodiment in South America and the Caribbean.