A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials

Pavel Prado-Gutiérrez, Mónica Otero, Eduardo Martínez-Montes, Alejandro Weinstein, María José Escobar, Wael El-Deredy, Matías Zañartu

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

Neural entrainment refers to the synchronization of neural activity to the periodicity of sensory stimuli. This synchronization defines the generation of steady-state evoked responses (i.e., oscillations in the electroencephalogram phase-locked to the driving stimuli). The classic interpretation of the amplitude of the steady-state evoked responses assumes a stereotypical time-invariant neural response plus random background fluctuations, such that averaging over repeated presentations of the stimulus recovers the stereotypical response. This approach ignores the dynamics of the steady-state, as in the case of the adaptation elicited by prolonged exposures to the stimulus. To analyze the dynamics of steady-state responses, it can be assumed that the time evolution of the response amplitude is the same in different stimulation runs separated by sufficiently long breaks. Based on this assumption, a method to characterize the time evolution of steady-state responses is presented. A sufficiently large number of recordings are acquired in response to the same experimental condition. Experimental runs (recordings) are column-wise averaged (i.e., runs are averaged but epoch within recordings are not averaged with the preceding segments). The column-wise averaging allows analysis of steady-state responses in recordings with remarkably high signal-to-noise ratios. Therefore, the averaged signal provides an accurate representation of the time evolution of the steady-state response, which can be analyzed in both the time and frequency domains. In this study, a detailed description of the method is provided, using steady-state visually evoked potentials as an example of a response. Advantages and caveats are evaluated based on a comparison with single-trial methods designed to analyze neural entrainment.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere59898
JournalJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE
Volume2019
Issue number147
DOIs
StatePublished - May 2019

Keywords

  • Issue 147
  • Neuroscience
  • adaptation
  • auditory steady-state responses
  • averaging method
  • entrainment
  • habituation
  • neural dynamics
  • noise cancelation
  • steady-state-visually evoked potentials

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